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Theropithecus is a genus of primates in the family Cercopithecidae. It contains a single living species, the gelada (Theropithecus gelada), native to the Ethiopian Highlands.

Additional species are known from fossils, including:

• †Theropithecus brumpticite-ref-turneranton-1-0[1]cite-ref-0-2-0[2]

• †Theropithecus darti

• †Theropithecus oswaldicite-ref-3[3]

The earliest remains probably belonging to the genus are from Kanapoi, Kenya, dating to the early Pliocene, around 4.1-4.2 million years ago.cite-ref-0-2-1[2]

Although most remains are known from Africa,cite-ref-0-2-2[2] during the Early Pleistocene the genus had a broader distribution ranging from southern Europe, including Spaincite-ref-4[4] and possibly Italy,cite-ref-5[5] to the Indian subcontinent.cite-ref-6[6]

cite-note-turneranton-11. ↑ citerefturner-alanant-n-mauricio2004Turner, Alan; Antón, Mauricio (2004). Evolving Eden, An Illustrated Guide to the Evolution of the African Large-Mammal Fauna. New York: Columbia University Press. p. 55.

cite-note-0-22. ↑ Getahun, D. A., Delson, E., & Seyoum, C. M. (2023). A review of Theropithecus oswaldi with the proposal of a new subspecies. Journal of human evolution, 180, 103373. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2023.103373

cite-note-33. ↑ "The Paleobiology Database". Retrieved 11 August 2013.

cite-note-44. ↑ citerefferr-ndez-ca-adellribotgibert2014Ferràndez-Cañadell, Carles; Ribot, Francesc; Gibert, Lluís (September 2014). "New fossil teeth of Theropithecus oswaldi (Cercopithecoidea) from the Early Pleistocene at Cueva Victoria (SE Spain)". Journal of Human Evolution. 74: 55–66. doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2014.02.020.

cite-note-55. ↑ citerefpatelgilbertericson2007Patel, Biren A.; Gilbert, Christopher C.; Ericson, Kristin E. (February 2007). "Cercopithecoid cervical vertebral morphology and implications for the presence of Theropithecus in early Pleistocene Europe". Journal of Human Evolution. 52 (2): 113–129. doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2006.07.014.

cite-note-66. ↑ citerefpatnaikcerlingunofleagle2014Patnaik, Rajeev; Cerling, Thure E.; Uno, Kevin T.; Fleagle, John G. (April 2014). "Diet and Habitat of Siwalik Primates Indopithecus, Sivaladapis and Theropithecus". Annales Zoologici Fennici. 51 (1–2): 123–142. doi:10.5735/086.051.0214. ISSN 0003-455X.